CreativeGraces.net
�The Geneal Geologist� |
CreativeGraces.net i. General Synopsis This
synopsis is the Irish & Black Country ancestry (Tipton & Dudley,
Staffordshire in the West Midlands of England) & wider-ranging
descendants of Luke
& Mary McDONALD/MACDONALD, my
3xGGPs. They were born in the late C18th somewhere in Ireland
and most likely married there by c1821. Known name variants in the C19th
English records include the Black Country short-form �MACK�, MACKDONALD,
McDONNALL, McDONAGH,
McDONNER, McDONOUGH (i.e. McD*, MacD* or MackD*) and Mc D* (with
a space), which makes finding some records difficult. Some records remain to
be found where they should exist. I
would be delighted to be contacted by any cousins who can share stories, and
particularly photos of the older generations of the family. Today's families
have adopted either McDONALD or MacDONALD for various reasons. The family
synopsis below tries to honour those adopted spellings, even where there are
tales of disagreement within families on how their surname should be spelt!
Many modern generations have been unaware of their Irish roots, some assuming
they were Scottish. Being of Irish origins, the family may have had other
spellings in their home country such as plain DONNELL. The anglicized form
now used by English descendants may be adopted or standardized,
misrepresenting the families� true Irish name, however the spelling within
England was originally the Irish McDONALD.
You are welcome to discuss this
family on my Facebook
research page ii. Historical
Perspective There
are two possible origins in Ireland for the family, with their Irish roots
confirmed on the 1851 census in Tipton, Staffordshire, for family patriarch
Luke. The first is that they are Irish DONNELLs or O�DONNELLs (descendants of
one of Ireland�s most famous warrior kings, Niall of the Nine Hostages), or
they are Scots Irish. Both histories suggest the family probably has Irish
origins in the province of Ulster. The O�DONNELL clan originated in Ulster
but there were also septs, or branches, in Clare and Galway. The
Clan Donald is of Celtic origins. At the height of power in the mid C15th,
the Clan controlled most of the Western Isles, much of the western Scottish
Highlands, the NE parts of current Northern Ireland, and were known as Lords
of the Isles. The Clan traces its origins to Somerled, an Irish/Norse warrior
(see DNA study
and FTDNA).
Somerled's son, Reginald or Ranald, was given part of the kingdom (Islay
& Kintyre) upon his father's death. His son Donald, who succeeded as Lord
of the Isles in 1207, provided the Clan name. There are nine distinct
branches descending from Donald. The
Clan system was legislated against in 1746 and continually repressed. Many
crofters (subsistence farmers) were evicted from lands in the period
1790-1845 to be replaced by sheep, during what is known as the Highland
Clearances. Many settled in Ireland and were put to work on English-owned
plantations. It was mid-way through this period that the first known members
of my Irish family appear on their travels, looking for a new life away from
the one they had known. There were numerous smaller famines in Ireland
leading up to main famine of the 1840�s that may have prompted emigration to
seek work elsewhere. Luke was an agricultural labourer and the
industrialising West Midlands was a draw to many. The
map below shows the concentration of the family name in Ireland. The origins
of my family within Ireland are unknown, but the historical background
suggests Scots-Irish ancestry and that their sojourn in Ireland may have only
been temporary (for a few generations). Enquiries along all family lines have
so far failed to provide a story of pre-Tipton roots. However, currently Ulster
and Scots Irish is assumed based on Mc & variants always being used
throughout English records (rather than O�). Based on the family�s baptism
and marriage records in England, the family are Protestants rather than Irish
Catholic. The family patriarch�s name of Luke is also unusual, and certainly
not a common Catholic name. Despite this, records in Ireland have not been
find.
Part 1: From Ireland came "Strangers on
Travel" (1822-before 1841)
Luke McDONALD,
my 3xGGF (born c1799 based on age at death in 1853) and Mary his wife (born
c1803 in 1841, c1793 based on age of death in 1846) were probably married in
Ireland around 1821 (marriage sought). Luke was an Agricultural Labourer /
Labourer (1841 & 1851), Furnaceman (1844) & Weaver (1853). He died in
1853 in Wood Street, Tipton in the English Black Country. Mary died there in
Sep 1846. Note: The later marriages in Mountmellick, County Laois for a Luke
McDONALD & Mary (1824 & 1830) have been eliminated. Luke is rare name
for McDONALD so all occurrences are of interest. Luke & Mary arrived in the
Midlands area by Nov 1822. Mary was heavily pregnant with their first child, John
McDONALD. They probably arrived from Ireland, via Liverpool, during late
Oct or early Nov 1822, as many Irish immigrants seeking work did in this
period, since John was reportedly born en route in Warrington,
Cheshire (1851 census). However, as John
MACDONALD he was baptised 8 Nov 1822 as s/o Luke & Mary �Strangers on Travel� at Stone St Michael, Staffordshire,
which is a Protestant church on the main route south to the Midlands. It is
suggestive, as Protestants, they may have had more distant Scottish roots, and
more likely to have come from the province of Ulster.
John is believed to be the informant
at Luke's death in 1853 Wood Street, Tipton. Unfortunately, baptisms for his
siblings have not been located. In 1851 Luke & son John, a Puddler (only)
were in the same household in Wood Street and recorded as McDONOUGH. The
1851 census provides a number of important clues, although they have not
resulted in additional discoveries. The household of Luke & John confirms
that Luke was born in Ireland and that his son John was born in Warrington,
Cheshire. As the first son, by Irish tradition, he could have been named
after Luke�s father.
It is likely the early family of Luke
& Mary lived in the agricultural communities of present-day Telford,
Shropshire in the period 1828-1832 and prior to the 1841 census, since the
1851 census records each for son Patrick (aka James) having been born in
Wellington & his sister Mary Ann in Oakengates (neighbouring villages),
before later defaulting to Tipton STS or Dudley, WOR for the remainder. No
Shropshire baptisms have been found. The 1851 census has Mary Ann and her
family (now married as AKINS, recorded as HAKINES) living next door to her father
& brother. They were all lodging with other Irish families in
Wolverhampton Street, Dudley by 1841, probably transiting from the poorer
rural economy to the rapidly expanding industrial Black Country. Once settled
in Tipton & Aston (Birmingham), and well into the C20th, the family were
locally known as "MACK" for short, which is sometimes reflected in
the record. Part 2: The First-Generation Tipton Family
(c1841 - 1853)
In 1841 Dudley, the family were at
lodgings in Wolverhampton Street as �MACKDONK� with several other families of Irish name, all spelled
phonetically and all Agricultural Labourers. This included a possible
relative of Luke, Thomas MACKDONK (35), his wife Florence (24) and children
Thomas (4) & James (1). All records suggest that son Patrick (aka Patsy
or Patcy) is also known as James (as on census returns). This cannot be
demonstrated by baptismal records, however in all records he is either James
or Patsy and they are never recorded together. One could be a family and
birth name (James) and the other a pet name (Patsy) referring to his Irish
origins. As they were not Catholics, then it is unlikely to be a Catholic
saints' name or additional baptismal name. John McDONALD (1822) is missing from the
1841 census; Present, with Luke given as 35 years
(c1806), Agricultural Labourer, and Mary 38 years (c1803) were: �
Luke McDONALD
(c1826) - 14 years - "born
in Scotland, Ireland or Foreign Parts". Following Irish naming tradition, as the 2nd son he would
be named after his father. See additional note, below; �
James
McDONALD
(aka Patrick or Patsy
McDONALD c1829) - 11 years on original - born in county (Dudley,
WOR, but incorrectly indexed as aged 4). Following Irish naming tradition, he
would be named after Mary�s father; �
Mary Ann McDONALD
(c1832 Dudley-1899 Oldbury) - 9 years - born in county (Dudley, WOR) = Joseph
H AKINS in 1850. The AKINS had a large family in Tipton (also variously
recorded as ADKINS, AIKENS, AIKINS, AKINGS, ARKINS, ATKINS, ATKENS, HAKINES
& HAKINS). In 1851 the AKINS were living next door to her father &
brother (Luke & John). After husband Joseph's death in 1889, Mary Ann (as
ATKINS) was living with her married daughter Sarah ONIONS and family
in Oldbury. The AKINS family descendants have an unverified story that Mary Ann's
maiden name was LUNN, however this does not match BMD or proven McDONALD
family data. It remains a possibility that it may refer to Luke�s wife, and
therefore the story is out by a generation; In 1851 Tipton both Luke & son
John were in Wood Street (see map of Tipton, below), where Luke died in 1853.
The entry clearly states Luke's origins as Ireland (Labourer), and supports
John's birth en route in Cheshire. Both were unmarried. That Luke had
been widowed is confirmed by the death of �Mary MACDONALD, wife of
Luke MACDONALD, Labourer�, on 17 Sep 1846 at Wood Street, Tipton, aged 53 due
to consumption. Note: � John
McDONALD (1822) was apparently unmarried in 1851 and
last known in 1853 Tipton as informant at his father's death. There are
deaths in Dudley RD in Q1 1854 & Dec 1857 but are young children and not
him. The 1850 marriage in Tipton is confirmed as not being him. Nothing more
is known as John apparently disappears from records; � Luke
McDONALD (1826) has no further records after the
1841 census. The Liverpool family with this name has been eliminated by
research & public records. The lack of an apparent local marriage or
death record suggests that Luke may have returned to Ireland by 1851 or moved
overseas. Nothing more is proven. However, an Ancestry researcher has
possible links for a Luke J McDONALD, originally of Co. Mayo, who went to the
US from Liverpool in 1848 by way Connecticut and settled in Ohio/Kentucky
with subsequent family (children having similar naming pattern to his
siblings). No further information has been provided to support this being the
same Luke from Tipton, and no stories of �US cousins�; � Relationship
of Thomas MACKDONK to Luke (as a brother) is only assumed based on 1841
census (in same accommodation for Irish labourers). It is interesting to note
that some Staffordshire-born (Hanley) McDONALDs are later recorded lodging
with a Tipton BLUNT family in 1891 Hoyland, Yorkshire
(McDONALD-ATKINS-ANDREWS-BLUNT female line through Luke�s daughter Mary Ann).
Research indicates this McDONALD line goes back to a Bernard McDONALD &
Catherine FREEMAN who married in Louth in 1844 and settled in Hanley prior to
1851 via Scotland, so the 1891 census appears to be just coincidence. No
later records have been found to support Thomas & his family. The parent
ages may be as inaccurate as those recorded for Luke & Mary;
Part 3: The Second-Generation Tipton Family (1849 - Early
C20th)
James �Patrick/Patsy� McDONALD (aka McDONNER upon
marriage), my
2xGGF (c1828/9), a coalminer, married Phebe/Phoebe
WHITEHOUSE on 29 Oct 1849 at
Dudley parish church. They were given as both of Castle Street, Dudley. One
witness was Mary Ann McDONNER, assumed to be his 18-y.o. sister. The
other witness was Joseph AKINGS (who is assumed to be her fianc� at
the time). Mary Ann married Joseph AKIN (as HAKIN) the following year in
Dudley. James is reported by recent family to be a Catholic, whereas Phebe
becomes a Methodist later, however there is no evidence to support his
religion other than being Protestant, as his parents. Phebe was a hawker /
shopkeeper and died in 1910. She was illiterate and family stories after
Patsy died relate that she had her own system to check customer�s debts that
were put "on the slate". On
census returns, the family were living in Tipton in Watery Lane (1861), 59
Waterloo Street (1871) and at 8 Watery Lane (1881) - see map, above. James
& Phebe were living with Phebe's widowed mother Hannah WHITEHOUSE in
Lower Green, Tipton in 1851, however they were interestingly recorded as LUCAS. It is possible this was part
of some Irish traditional naming that James was s/o Luke, i.e. LUCAS. This is
the only time this appears in records and therefore it is not entirely clear
why it was recorded that way. In 1861, they were given as MacKdoller
(sic) & in 1871 the head of the family was given as "James". As
Patrick, he is known to have died in 1876. The records of daughter Mary
(1851) support the use of both names - Patcy MACK on her BC and James
MACDONALD on her MC. In 1881 Phoebe was a 49-year-old widow with the
recorded surname "MACKDONNAL
or MACK", confirming the short-form surname was in wide use in
the Black Country at that time. In early 1891, Phebe remarried local man Enoch
MILNER and they were together on the 1891 & 1901 census first at 14
Watery Lane, then in Queens Road, Tipton. In 1891 her two unmarried daughters
were still at home (Sarah McDONALD & Phoebe McDONALD) prior
to both their marriages shortly thereafter. Known McDONALD Children &
Descendants (all born Tipton & the greater Black Country area): � Mary MACK /
MACDONALD
(21 Jun 1851, Lower Green, Tipton - 1905 d/o Patcy & Phebe MACK) =
2 Aug 1868 to Thomas ANDREWS (as 17 y.o. nailer d/o James MACDONALD).
Witnesses were Phebe's brother Thomas & his wife Ann Maria. In 1871 Thomas
& Mary ANDREWS were living next door to James & Phebe at 58
Waterloo Street, however by 1881 and subsequent census the ANDREWS family had
moved to Staveley, Derbyshire. There are numerous ANDREWS descendants from a
large family; � Hannah McDONALD (c1854-1915), m.
1875 to Joseph RICHARDS and remained in Tipton. Note the additional initial
"J" or "L" is only on the 1891 census and is not known
what it refers to. Her birth record remains to be found; � John McDONALD (c1857-1927) - the
1861 census is the only time an unknown initial "T" or
"J" is recorded for John. His birth record remains uncertain. In
1891 he is a Labourer with a much younger wife in Tipton at Ct No. 2 New
Cross Street. This would be the Mar 1890 marriage to Millicent BLOOD.
The future for Millicent indicates her 1940 death at Wednesbury (where her
son Thomas� family lived), where her age was mistranscribed from 71 to 91.
While appearing in census, her birth does not appear to be registered. Tipton
children include: o
John McDONALD (1890-1917) = Ethel May WEED in Dec
1914; � John McDONALD (1915-31) nothing
more known; o
Thomas McDONALD (1892-1951) � Tipton St Paul marriages
confirm the 1917 = Elizabeth Ellen MULLET. Children: � Thomas James
MACDONALD
(1920-1981) = Hilda V NICKLIN in 1942 Wednesbury: � Paul MACDONALD (1946-2007) = Susan
GOTH in 1976. 3 sons: � Stewart Jon MACDONALD (1977 Bromsgrove) = Samantha R ALLEN in 2000, then
possibly Colette I; � Ross Peter MACDONALD (1980 Dudley) = Kylie; � Craig Alan MACDONALD (1983 Dudley); � Marjory E MACDONALD (1925, Dudley) = Ernest
John RUDGE in 1945 Wednesbury; � John MACDONALD (1939, Wednesbury)
= Pauline E WOODALL in 1961 Wednesbury; � Andrew John
MACDONALD
(1967 West Bromwich) = Julie A TAYLOR in 1992; � Ian William
MACDONALD
(1967 West Bromwich); o
Phoebe McDONALD (1894-1991 Indiana, USA) = Charles Henry
STEPHENS (1889 Handsworth-1965) in 1915 Tipton. They emigrated in 1921
and settled in Lake County, Indiana; o
Enoch McDONALD (1899-1974) = Elizabeth Marjorie REMES
in 1928 Old Swinford: � Elizabeth M
MACDONALD
(1929 Dudley) = Norman CLARKE (c1924); � Sheila K MACDONALD (Q2 1938 Dudley)
nothing more known; o
Millicent McDONALD (1902-1992) = Leonard HAINES
in 1921; o
Annie McDONALD (c1905), nothing known after her appearance
on the 1911 census (birth record unconfirmed) � some researchers have her as
Mary Ann (c1908) but her age is clearly 6 years on the census and between and
older and younger sibling. Mary Ann is the d/o Thomas. The 1911 census is
filled out by the householder for the first time, so highly unlikely it will
be an error by the father; o
Ethel McDONALD (1906-1985) = John NORTON; o
Job McDONALD (1909-1973) = Lilian V Irene PORTMAN.
Child: � Christine D
MACDONALD
(1946) = Anthony WALDRON; � George McDONALD (c1859-1913). In
1881, he was unmarried & lodging with the ANDREWS (his sister�s) family
in Staveley as George MACK, and in 1891 was married & lodging
alone with the Tipton family of John & Phebe CARTWRIGHT in Rawmarsh,
Yorkshire. He married Susannah SALT in 1890 Tipton and they were
resident there in 1901. In 1911 George was recorded in an institution just 2
years before he died. Children: o
George McDONALD (1890-1967) = Gertrude SHEPHEARD in
1926 Tipton. No apparent children on BMD; o
Thomas McDONALD (1892-1930) = Annie Eliza Grainger
McDONALD (his cousin, see below) in 1914 Tipton. Children in Dudley RD: � Thomas McDONALD (1915) nothing more
known; � Hilda M McDONALD (1917) nothing more
known; � Joan C McDONALD (1921) nothing more
known; As
all 3 children have no further records, it is possible they were adopted
because of their father's early death. Annie remarried to John Thomas
ROGERS in 1939 Wednesbury and died there the following year. o
Alfred MACDONALD (1896-1930) = Mary Elizabeth GRINSILL
in 1916 Tipton. Mary Elizabeth died with their first-born son Alfred
MACDONALD (born 1920, died 1920). Alfred remarried to Hannah WILLIS
later in 1920. Children: � Alfred Leonard
McDONALD
(1921-1970) = Minnie M CROUCHER.
Children: � Rosina Susan �Nina� McDONALD (1946) = Robert G JOHNSON;
� Gerald A McDONALD (1948) = 2nd wife Margaret J ROBINSON: (1st
wife Jill ADAMS, 3rd
wife Margaret D COLLINS): � Mandy Jayne McDONALD (1969) = Michael C RATCLIFFE; � Gerald Leonard McDONALD (1973); � Michael Paul McDONALD (1977) = Natalie J GREEN; � Ian William McDONALD (1949) = Diane BROOKES: � Brian McDONALD (1968) = Moira Wilson CRAIG: � Ian McDONALD (1987); � Rebecca McDONALD (1990); � Teresa Susan McDONALD (1973); � Cailean James McDONALD (1993); � Josh William McDONALD (1995); � Lauren Amie McDONALD (2001); � Ann P McDONALD (1950) = Roger V MILLS; � Christine N McDONALD (1951) = Frederick G MATTHEWS; � Roger A McDONALD (1952) = Carole A E DAVIES in 1972, then possibly Iris WOODBINE in 1991: � Wayne Roger McDONALD (1973); � Gary McDONALD (1974) = Dale Shani OWEN: � Jack Gary McDONALD (2000); � Jonah Dylan McDONALD (2002); � Anisah Louise McDONALD (2003); � Claire Louise McDONALD (1981); � Malcolm N McDONALD (1953) = Linda A GENNARD: � Paul Malcolm McDONALD (1978); � Gillian E McDONALD (1955); � Marion M McDONALD (1957) = Ian T SMITH; � Philip J McDONALD (1960) = Dawn BAKER then possibly Fiona
L CRADDOCK in 1999. Children: � Sarah Louise McDONALD (1981); � Laura Jane McDONALD (1985); � Kelly Marie McDONALD (1987) � Brian T McDONALD (1962) = Emma Louise ELCOCK. Children: � Brandon McDONALD
(1997); � Rhys McDONALD
(2001); � Keira McDONALD
(2005); � Kaci McDONALD
(2005); then Joanne
Margaret BILL: � Ellie May McDONALD
(2001); � Eva M McDONALD (1922) = Alfred Lewis JEFFERSON; � Violet S McDONALD (1924-1934); � George Leslie
McDONALD
(1926-2000) = Betty COLLETT. Children: � Lorraine B McDONALD (1955) possibly
married Mark Edwin KINNIE in 2005; � Leslie C G McDONALD (1957); � William McDONALD (1928) = Hildegard
G M T�RK and settled in Rowley Regis. Children: � Michael W McDONALD (1950) = Sandra
F BRADLEY; � Susan M McDONALD (1951) = Frederick
J NORTON; � Andrew D McDONALD (1952) = Marilyn
J PERKINS. No issue listed in BMD; � Hazel V McDONALD (1955) = Paul J
COATES; It
is interesting that Alfred died same quarter in 1930 as his brother Thomas.
Coincidence or mining/industrial accident? o
Samuel McDONALD (1899-1933) = Mary Ann PRIEST on 1
Oct 1921 at Dudley RO. Children include: � Albert McDONALD (1922) nothing more
known; o
William Henry McDONALD (1901-1940) = Sarah Ann WILLIS
(1902-1931) � 1 child, then Sarah Evelyn GREEN (3 children): � William Henry
MACDONALD
(1924-49); � Doreen Susie
McDONALD
(1933-2011) = George Henry ELCOCK; � Colin G R McDONALD (1937-41); � Kathleen Margaret
MACDONALD (1939-72)
= Patrick MCPHERSON; o
Mary Ann McDONALD (1904-1905); � Catherine McDONALD (1863-1942) = Samuel
KIMBERLEY in Sep 1884 Tipton; � Job McDONALD, my GGF (6 Dec 1865
Waterloo Street, Tipton) - see Part 4, below; � Sarah MACDONALD (21 Mar 1869 - 1938)
= William Thomas EDWARDS (1864). Family in 1901 Tipton; � Thomas McDONALD (1871) = Eliza
GRAINGER as a late marriage in Sep 1897 Tipton after 3 children already
born, although it is not clear if he was the biological father through a
common-law relationship first. The eldest three sometimes used the surname
GRAINGER and were registered with that name upon birth. In 1891 (Iron Furnace
Labourer) he was lodging with the RICHARDS family in Griffiths Street (his
sister Hannah & husband). In 1901 he was with Eliza. In 1911 there were 9
children recorded to 15 years of marriage. Tipton born children: o
Joseph Grainger McDONALD (1891-1971) nothing
more known; o
Ann Eliza Grainger McDONALD (1893) = her cousin
Thomas McDONALD (1892-1930), above, in 1917; o
Alice Grainger McDONALD (1895-1966) = Samuel
JONES in Jun 1916; o
May McDONALD (1898-1993) = Thomas Henry BROOKES
in Dec 1916; o
Sarah McDONALD (1900-1987) = Arthur E PEARSON;
o
Phoebe Ann McDONALD (1903-36) = Joseph GREENAWAY; o
Minnie McDONALD (1906-1981) = John J LAWLESS; o
Mary McDONALD (1908) � nothing more known; o
Patrick McDONALD (1910) � nothing more known; � Phoebe McDONALD (17 Apr 1876) = William
PRICE (1873) in Jun 1894 Tipton. Family in 1901 Tipton then moved to
Barnsley, YKS; Part 4: The Third-Generation Family Moves from Tipton to Aston,
Birmingham (1890 - Early C20th) then
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